{"id":4602,"date":"2019-03-14T20:09:56","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T20:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturenb.ca\/?p=4602"},"modified":"2020-01-28T17:53:17","modified_gmt":"2020-01-28T17:53:17","slug":"ou-est-loiseau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturenb.ca\/fr\/ou-est-loiseau\/","title":{"rendered":"Naturaliste du N.-B. en vedette : O\u00f9 est l\u2019oiseau?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”3_4″ layout=”3_4″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_title margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” size=”1″ content_align=”left” style_type=”default” sep_color=””]<\/p>\n

O\u00f9 est l\u2019oiseau?<\/b><\/p>\n

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De: Todd Watts, responsable officiel du d\u00e9nombrement d\u2019oiseaux dans le cadre des programmes Greenlaw Mountain Hawk Watch et de l\u2019Observatoire d\u2019oiseaux de Pointe Lepreau<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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**L’article a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 pour \u00eatre inclus dans le Naturaliste du N.-B., vol. 45, num\u00e9ro 1.**<\/p>\n

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14 MARS 2019 — Nous sommes tous all\u00e9s sur le terrain et nous avons tous \u00e9prouv\u00e9 des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 communiquer l\u2019emplacement d\u2019un oiseau aux autres membres de notre groupe. Une communication rapide et efficace constitue une comp\u00e9tence essentielle pour le naturaliste. Nous rencontrons souvent des oiseaux perch\u00e9s dans un arbre, qui traversent l\u2019horizon, ou qui vont ailleurs, et nous devons d\u00e9crire aux personnes qui nous entourent l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 l\u2019oiseau se trouve. Pour bon nombre d\u2019entre nous, le d\u00e9fi est de taille.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_4″ layout=”1_4″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”4571″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”none” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https:\/\/www.naturenb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Sawwhet-Owl-Anthony-Sulpizio.jpg[\/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text]<\/p>\n

Petite Nyctale, Anthony\u00a0Sulpizio<\/em><\/p>\n

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Je vais vous pr\u00e9senter une m\u00e9thode qui devrait simplifier ce processus. Elle sera ax\u00e9e sur l\u2019utilisation de points de rep\u00e8re, du code des heures, des champs de vision et de la direction du d\u00e9placement. Cela pourrait sembler compliqu\u00e9, mais ce n’est vraiment pas le cas.\u00a0<\/span>Avec un peu d\u2019entra\u00eenement, on peut guider les autres personnes vers les oiseaux que l\u2019on voit, rapidement et facilement. Dans certains cas, la t\u00e2che demeurera compliqu\u00e9e en raison du manque de points de rep\u00e8re, mais dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas, cette m\u00e9thode vous sera utile. Si vous perfectionnez vos comp\u00e9tences dans ce domaine, vous aiderez les autres \u00e0 profiter de l\u2019oiseau ou des oiseaux que vous avez vus, vous apporterez votre collaboration aux observations d\u2019oiseaux rares ou peu communs et consignez des donn\u00e9es importantes.<\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span>direction du d\u00e9placement<\/b> est souvent la premi\u00e8re chose qu\u2019il faut mentionner, en particulier si l\u2019oiseau se d\u00e9place tr\u00e8s rapidement. Les termes \u00abvers la droite\u00bb ou \u00abvers la gauche\u00bb sont souvent les moyens les plus simples de d\u00e9crire le d\u00e9placement horizontal (au lieu d\u2019utiliser l\u2019est et l\u2019ouest). Parfois, il faut communiquer le mouvement vertical (oiseaux qui planent). Ensuite, la direction est simplement \u00abvers le haut\u00bb, \u00abvers le bas\u00bb ou \u00abplus haut\u00bb ou \u00abplus bas\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019utilisation de <\/span>points de rep\u00e8re<\/b> est \u00e9galement un bon point de d\u00e9part. Il peut s’agir de n\u2019importe quoi, notamment d\u2019arbres, d\u2019un type de structure quelconque, de nuages, d’autres oiseaux, de l\u2019horizon ou du soleil. Utilisez des points de rep\u00e8re qui se situent aussi loin que l\u2019oiseau, ou plus loin. Les points de rep\u00e8re proches de l\u2019observateur peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s uniquement lorsque les observateurs se trouvent \u00e9paule contre \u00e9paule, et m\u00eame \u00e0 cela, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d\u2019utiliser des points de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence plus \u00e9loign\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span>code des heures<\/b> nous permet de communiquer la position de l\u2019oiseau par rapport \u00e0 un objet fixe<\/span>. <\/b>Tout point de rep\u00e8re peut repr\u00e9senter le centre d\u2019une horloge avec une aiguille qui part de son centre. L\u2019aiguille qui repr\u00e9sente l\u2019heure pointe vers l\u2019oiseau. Un oiseau qui se trouve directement au-dessus du point de rep\u00e8re serait \u00e0 douze heures, directement \u00e0 droite, il serait \u00e0 trois heures, et ainsi de suite.<\/span><\/p>\n

On utilise les <\/span>champs de vision<\/b> pour d\u00e9crire la distance par rapport \u00e0 un point de rep\u00e8re. Cela fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 un champ de vision \u00e0 travers les jumelles ou la lunette d\u2019observation d\u2019une personne (quel que soit l\u2019appareil utilis\u00e9). Si l\u2019oiseau se trouve au centre de votre champ de vision et qu\u2019un point de rep\u00e8re se trouve \u00e0 la limite de ce dernier, alors on peut dire que l\u2019oiseau se trouve \u00e0 un demi-champ de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment (point de rep\u00e8re). Parfois, l\u2019oiseau peut se trouver \u00e0 un quart de champ d\u2019un point de rep\u00e8re ou \u00e0 deux champs de celui-ci. Lorsqu\u2019un oiseau est \u00e0 plus d\u2019un champ complet d\u2019un point de rep\u00e8re notable, les choses se compliquent un peu. L\u2019observateur doit \u00e9loigner lentement ses jumelles de l\u2019oiseau et rechercher un point de rep\u00e8re tout en essayant de juger la distance qu\u2019il a parcourue. Rappelez-vous qu\u2019un champ complet repr\u00e9sente la largeur de votre champ de vision \u00e0 travers l\u2019optique que vous utilisez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est tr\u00e8s important de <\/span>communiquer calmement<\/b>! Une r\u00e9ponse pleine d\u2019excitation lorsque l\u2019on voit un oiseau pourrait l\u2019effrayer ou faire en sorte que les autres personnes bougent rapidement, ce qui pourrait \u00e9galement faire peur \u00e0 l\u2019oiseau, ou encore d\u00e9tourner l\u2019attention des personnes de quelque chose de plus important.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”4570″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”none” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https:\/\/www.naturenb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/todd-watts-bird.jpeg[\/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text]<\/p>\n

Si un oiseau \u00e9tait visible sur cette photo, seriez-vous en mesure de d\u00e9crire rapidement et succinctement comment le trouver?\/ Photo: Todd Watts<\/em><\/p>\n

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Exemples et voici quelques sc\u00e9narios possibles:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \n
      \n
    1. \u00a0<\/span>Vous voyez un oiseau qui se d\u00e9place de droite \u00e0 gauche, juste sous la ligne d\u2019horizon. Vous pouvez communiquer l\u2019observation en disant : \u00abJe vois un oiseau qui se d\u00e9place vers la gauche juste sous la ligne d\u2019horizon\u00bb. S\u2019il se rapproche d\u2019un point de rep\u00e8re, vous pouvez \u00e9galement ajouter cette information. \u00abIl se rapproche actuellement d\u2019une maison avec un toit rouge\u00bb. Ou bien, si vous observez des oiseaux de mer \u00e0 Pointe Lepreau : \u00abL\u2019oiseau est en train de passer sous l\u2019\u00eele Grand Manan\u00bb. Mentionner le champ de vision peut s’av\u00e9rer tr\u00e8s utile dans ce cas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      [\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text]<\/p>\n

      2. Vous voyez un oiseau planer au-dessus de l\u2019horizon. Trouvez un point de rep\u00e8re et partez d\u2019ici. Vous pourriez dire quelque chose comme: \u00abIl y a un oiseau \u00e0 environ deux heures par rapport \u00e0 la station cellulaire, \u00e0 un quart de champ vers l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur\u00bb. S\u2019il se d\u00e9place rapidement plus haut, vous pourriez dire: \u00abIl prend rapidement de l\u2019altitude\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

      3. Vous voyez un oiseau perch\u00e9 haut dans un arbre sur une branche. Vous pourriez dire: \u00ab\u00c0 environ cinq heures, dans la cime de l\u2019arbre\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

      4. Vous voyez un oiseau perch\u00e9 dans un arbre pr\u00e8s de sa base. Peut-\u00eatre devriez-vous dire: \u00abOiseau perch\u00e9 \u00e0 dix heures par rapport \u00e0 la base du tronc, un champ complet vers l’ext\u00e9rieur\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

      On pourrait utiliser ici un tas d\u2019exemples diff\u00e9rents. J\u2019esp\u00e8re que ceux-ci vous vous auront donner une id\u00e9e de la mani\u00e8re de d\u00e9crire l\u2019emplacement d\u2019un oiseau. Rappelez-vous que vous devez mesurer les distances \u00e0 l\u2019aide des champs de vision, en utilisant le code des heures, des points de rep\u00e8re, la direction du d\u00e9placement et tout cela en communiquant calmement.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Vos camarades observateurs vous en remercieront!<\/span><\/p>\n

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      Hibou des marais, Louise Nichols<\/em><\/p>\n

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