{"id":21612,"date":"2026-01-15T10:59:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T14:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturenb.ca\/?p=21612"},"modified":"2026-02-16T12:03:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T16:03:19","slug":"iris-versicolor-fleur-benefique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturenb.ca\/fr\/iris-versicolor-fleur-benefique\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019iris versicolore, fleur b\u00e9n\u00e9fique"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019iris versicolore, fleur b\u00e9n\u00e9fique<\/h2>\n\n\n

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Ce blogue invit\u00e9 fait partie d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par des \u00e9tudiants de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Mount Allison, dans le cadre d\u2019un partenariat entre Nature NB et le cours\u00a0\u00ab Applied Native Plants and Pollinator Conservation \u00bb (Plantes indig\u00e8nes appliqu\u00e9es et conservation des pollinisateurs)<\/a>. Merci \u00e0 la Dr. Emily Austen et aux \u00e9tudiants pour cette collaboration continue!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par Reaghan Melanson<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L\u2019Iris versicolor<\/em>, commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 l\u2019iris versicolore, est une plante indig\u00e8ne que l\u2019on trouve au Nouveau-Brunswick et dans d\u2019autres provinces, de Manitoba jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019est du Canada. Autrefois, les peuples autochtones r\u00e9coltaient les racines s\u00e9ch\u00e9es de l\u2019iris versicolore de la fin de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 au d\u00e9but de l\u2019automne. Ils utilisaient ces racines comme d\u00e9toxifiants pour le foie et les reins, ainsi que pour traiter des affections cutan\u00e9es et soulager la douleur (Smith, 1933). Les racines de l\u2019iris sont toxiques si elles ne sont pas pr\u00e9par\u00e9es correctement. Certaines tribus utilisaient aussi les racines pour tresser des paniers et des nattes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Cette magnifique fleur bleue pousse dans des zones humides comme les bois, les prairies et le long des berges des lacs, rivi\u00e8res et \u00e9tangs (CWF). Ses couleurs vives aident \u00e0 attirer les pollinisateurs, dans ce cas le principal pollinisateur de cette esp\u00e8ce appartient \u00e0 l\u2019ordre des Hym\u00e9nopt\u00e8res, qui comprend les gu\u00eapes, les fourmis, les tenthr\u00e8des et, surtout, les abeilles (Pellegrino, 2015). La relation entre l\u2019iris versicolore et les abeilles est mutualiste : l\u2019abeille r\u00e9colte le nectar de la fleur tout en transportant son pollen vers d\u2019autres fleurs. Ce type de relation est b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour les deux parties, chaque esp\u00e8ce ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des ressources essentielles pour sa survie et sa reproduction, m\u00eame si peu de choses sont connues sur le succ\u00e8s reproducteur de l\u2019iris versicolore (Pellegrino, 2015).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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L\u2019iris versicolore fleurit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre mai et juin. Il pr\u00e9sente de longues feuilles semblables \u00e0 de l\u2019herbe et peut atteindre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 90 cm de hauteur. Apr\u00e8s la floraison, il produit des capsules de graines qui deviennent brun verd\u00e2tre \u00e0 maturit\u00e9. Ces capsules finissent par s\u2019ouvrir, lib\u00e9rant les graines. En plus de la dispersion par graines, la plante peut \u00e9galement se reproduire de mani\u00e8re asexu\u00e9e en se propageant par ses rhizomes souterrains (Chesapeake).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Au Nouveau-Brunswick, l\u2019iris versicolore a un statut de conservation G5, ce qui signifie qu\u2019il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme s\u00fbr (NatureServe). Mais \u00eatre s\u00fbr aujourd\u2019hui ne garantit pas qu\u2019il le restera \u00e0 l\u2019avenir. En raison de son go\u00fbt sucr\u00e9, des insectes comme les larves de noctuelles et les sauterelles aiment consommer les p\u00e9tales des iris versicolores enti\u00e8rement fleuris (Needham, 1900). Dans d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces, cela peut affecter la reproduction des fleurs en modifiant leur apparence pour les pollinisateurs ou en d\u00e9truisant les organes reproducteurs de la plante (Krupnick & Weis, 1999). Bien que cela ne pose pas un probl\u00e8me majeur, la destruction des habitats peut l\u2019\u00eatre. De nombreuses zones bois\u00e9es ou mar\u00e9cageuses, habitats pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s de l\u2019iris, sont d\u00e9truites pour les besoins humains, surtout avec la croissance rapide de la population du Nouveau-Brunswick. C\u2019est certainement un aspect \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer pour la pr\u00e9servation des populations futures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chesapeakebay. N.d. https:\/\/www.chesapeakebay.net\/discover\/field-guide\/entry\/blue-flag <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krupnick, Gary & Weis, Art. (1999). The Effect of Floral Herbivory on Male and Female Reproductive Success in Isomeris arborea. Ecology. 80. 135-149. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nature Serve. N.d. https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132305\/Iris_versicolor<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Needham, J. G. (1900). The Fruiting of the Blue Flag (Iris Versicolor L.). The American<\/em> Naturalist<\/em>, 34<\/em>(401), 361\u2013386. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pellegrino G. 2015. Pollinator limitation on reproductive success in Iris tuberosa. AoB PLANTS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smith, H. H. 1933. Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee. 7: 1-230 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ce blogue invit\u00e9 fait partie d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par des \u00e9tudiants de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Mount Allison, dans le cadre d\u2019un partenariat entre Nature NB et le cours\u00a0\u00ab Applied Native Plants […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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